The Etiology of Administrative Evil Eric Voegelin and the unconsciousness of modernityArticle Critique of

Essay on Political Parties and Interest Groups

Essay on Political Parties and Interest Groups Essay on Political Parties and Interest Groups Essay on Political Parties and Interest Groups1). In your opinion, why do people tend to identify less with political parties? And does it matter?  Ã‚  Ã‚   People tend to identify less with political parties because people view political parties as complex bureaucratic structures, which have little to do with interests and needs of the average people. In addition, people perceive political parties as institutions that stand for certain ideological framework. The lack of identification of people with political parties raises the problem of the widening gap between the political elite and people.   2). Name three corporations that spend a lot of money (for 2013) to lobby the government and that get their views supported through the approval of policies.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Companies lobbying their interests in the US rely heavily on the government contracts. In this regard, it is worth mentioning such companies as Boeing, General Electric and Google. Boeing and General Electric are traditional companies oriented on lobbying. At the same time, Google is a new player but role of such companies as Google in lobbying is likely to increase in the future.   3). Does the government have a right to regulate the money spend to lobby it (govt)? Why/why not?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The government does not have the right to regulate the money spend to lobby because lobbyist groups emerge respectively to the emergence of interest groups. Each interest group stands for its own interests. The government regulation of money spend on lobbying will create unfair condition for lobbying that may put some companies into an advantageous position, while others can fail to maintain the fair competition in the market.

In the care of a nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

In the care of a nurse - Essay Example Caring has been advocated as integral to nursing ethics, and much theorizing has suggested that it may be a partial or the entire foundation for nursings ethic. As human beings we normally care and don’t want to see people suffering from an illness, especially if we see that all hopes were gone. On a personal level, Janet was an advocate of Mrs. Jordan with respect to the permission of the family and wish of her patient that â€Å"she is ready to go† given her agony. However, on the professional side, nurses are responsible for the welfare of their patients and must be able to deliver health care based on the judgment of the doctor and her own learned duties as a nurse. With what Janet did, he never advocated her patient’s right to live based on professional judgment of the doctor. The doctor may have lately ordered NFR when Janet reported the patient’s failing condition, as a result of her not giving dopamine, which is not the advice of the doctor given the uncertainty of the disease. But still, the case did not support Yarling and McElmurry (1986) argument that â€Å"an NFR decision is not a medical decision per se, and neither is it a legal or nursing decision. Rather, they contend, the NFR decision is a moral decision, since it is based primarily on moral values, such as those concerning the meaning, sanctity, and quality of life". Even if all of the failing human conditions of Mrs. Jordan deserve a NFR order as the case presents it, the doctor initially still never gave the command. The case wants to show that if nurses are authorized to write NFR orders, it may be a venue for abuse and easy exit on the part of health professionals in times of disease uncertainties. Normally, nurses are already being left to carry a disproportionate burden in mora l, legal, professional and personal terms in following NFR orders, much more if they are already the ones writing them. There

Economic Change Effect Frauds Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Economic Change Effect Frauds - Research Paper Example Workers are lower increasing financial difficulty since their residence discards in merit and their removal funds evaporate. Companies in about all segments are serious expenditures in toting up to dishonest off workers. Addition price have been dipping (North 2002). Self-worth is descending. Anxiety is stirring. The grouping of these conditions might generate a climate grown for misleading action. Even though both judgment and knowledge inform us so as to the risk of fraud could be keen in the current economy, it is almost unfeasible to measure the factual quantity of fraud happening at several known time. The enormous preponderance of fraudsters gets action to hide their crimes. Consequently, several frauds might not at all be trapped. Other strategies might be committed for years previous to they are exposed. In addition to, still amid those that are noticed, a great figure of cases would never be accounted, permitting them to stay concealed from the public eye. Therefore, no prec ise calculation of the height of fraud throughout the contemporary recession could subsist. However, examining the relationship between frauds along with a diluted economy is an important attempt. To obtain a pulsation on how the economy is touching fraud tendencies, the ACFE left to the professionals who are in the ditches hostility fraud on an every day basis. By reviewing anti-fraud experts about their knowledge and explanation, we expect to increase a number of imminent into the association between economic downswings and misleading action (Galbraith 2004). Evaluation The height of fraud has enhanced given that the starting of the economic disaster. We inquired peoples to contrast the stage of fraud they meet up throughout the 12 months previous the review (from near the beginning 2008 throughout early on 2009) to the figure of frauds they have seen or practiced in former years. Through recognizing alterations in the stage of seen deceptive action all through this age, we could collect a wide vision of the connection between the contemporary economic recession as well as executive offense (Galbraith 2004). To assist measure the degree of several seen alter, we subdivided the height of fraud into two metrics: numeral of cases and monetary shock. In addition, 49% seen an enhancement in the dollar sum lost to fraud throughout the similar era. At the same time as it is too quickly to obtain a obvious image of precisely how much fraud has started because the creation of the contemporary economic bend, the facts supplied by review individuals (particularly when joined with the deliberation of how much fraud has not up till now been noticed) offers a first-class sign that fraud is certainly on the mount. The reason of this inquiry is to study the publications on output externalities, with specific focus on the IRS, has evolved on the front lines of the method recounted above. This is significant for some reasons. Returns the first, encompassing the IRS (or in the broader sense, a skidding scale (VRS)) in a general equilibrium form of flawless affray can disclose precious data about the function of the IRS performances in working out worldwide trade to relation to a customary perform of unchanging returns to scale (CRS) - for demonstration, the environment of non-Pareto-optimal set of non-CRS, and its political consequences.  

4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

4 - Essay Example Illegal file-sharing and ripping of music files is pervasive, out of control and oh so criminal. Many artistes, especially the new, less-established artists, are in immediate danger of being marginalized out of our business. Ripping is stealing their livelihood one digital file at a time, leaving their musical dreams haplessly snared in this World Wide Web of theft and indifference. (Greene, M) The fact that the Recording Academys leader would say something this serious on an occasion as joyous as the Grammy awards, indicates that the music industry knows that it is indeed, in dire straits. In 2001, more blank CDs were sold than CDs that already had music recorded on them. This was probably because a lot of people were downloading music files In the study of traditional ethics, the starving man depicts the classic problem. Is it ethical for a man who is starving to steal food because he has no money? This can be directly interpreted into whether a person is right to steal music it if he feels that the music is too expensive for him to buy. The topical escalation of media coverage besieging the demise of Napster has instigated widespread debate over the implications file sharing and the Internet will have for the record industry. The Napster software allowed its millions of users to share and download music mp3 files, which are of near CD quality, from each others hard drives. This infringed copyright laws and provided a very real threat to both musicians and record companies alike. In response Napster was sued by the American heavy metal band Metallica, and then taken to court by The Recording Industry Association of America; where they were subsequently ordered to cease operating. (http://theoptionblog.blogspot.com/2006/01/file-sharing.html) Even after a verdict like this, many of these companies, like imesh, limewire and Kazaa continuously offer facilities for file sharing, and some also grant

My Career In International Management Education Essay

My Career In International Management Education Essay The main purpose of this report is a self-evaluation of my skill, attributes and competencies relevant for my career in International Management. Point out skill that an international manager should have, evaluate these skills and see where my strengths and weaknesses are, and also giving evidence of my experience with these skills. Also included is a review of progress made regarding the mid semester SMART development plan, that had to do with targets within a period of six weeks. A smart development plan for a period of six months will be included in this report and it will focus on two important targets that i intend to improve on to help me for the next six months, it will be specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and time bound. 2.0 SELF EVALUATION The main aim of this self development plan is a guide in identifying skills, competences and attributes relevant to me for a future career as an international manager. According to MacBeath 2006, self evaluation is a process of discovery, knowing ones self and identifying strengths and capabilities, identifying weaknesses and also improving on them. For a future career in international management i have to first identify some skills and competences that i should have and that are important to be effective as an international manager these skills are: Cross cultural Communication skill Interpersonal skill Cultural intelligence Teamwork Time management Leadership skill Decision making Negotiation skill Cultural empathy There are so many other skills and competences that are not mentioned above, although these are the few that i can relate myself with and show to what extent i have developed in these areas. 2.01 CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION SKILL Personally, i prefer face to face communication which involves direct contact with speaker involved, knowing the speakers facial expressions and gestures and to be able to listen properly and avoid miscommunications, having proper understanding of what the speakers is saying. For example when i started my masters programme i found it difficult to communicate with my lectures, because i had to send emails to them, this was a new experience for me. In communication across cultures contexts is very important, according to Browaeys and Price (2008), Hall (1990) settled firmly on two groups of culture high context and low context cultures. An example of the high context cultures are central Europe, Arabs and Asians who leave their messages unspecified and most of the message is hidden in the text making it a bit difficult to understand, while an example of the low context cultures are Germans, Americans their messages are explicit and can be understood through facial expressions and gestu res. Although communication with Chinese and Indian colleagues and class mates was very difficult a first due to the accent they have but with time, i began to understand them better without having any problems because of the everyday encounter. 2.02 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS Interpersonal skill is mostly regarded as important as an international manager, having this skill will aid integration socially to gain knowledge and also establish relationships with people. I dont think i have any problem fitting into a new environment, i usually observe my environment first to know the kind of people, know what to say and what not to say to them that might hurt their feelings. After doing this most of the time i dont find it difficult getting along well with people. This skill has built my confidence a lot and it has also improved my relationship with people from different cultures 2.03 CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE CQ Cultural intelligence has to do with understanding different cultures by interpreting unfamiliar and ambiguous gestures (Earley and Mosakowski 2004). After taking a test on cultural intelligence from the article from my MCME module guide, the result reflected that i have a reasonable level of cultural intelligence. There were three aspects cognitive CQ, physical CQ and emotional/ motivational CQ. The total points out of 5 where, for Cognitive CQ 4, Physical CQ 4.3 and Emotional/ motivational CQ 4.5. I am confident with this result because before interacting with people i stop to think before acting and i can also change the form of speech like my accent. I scored higher in the Emotional/ motivational CQ i am confident that i can deal with people from different cultures and i can also adapt to the lifestyle of different cultures. When i first came into the UK i had to change my accent for people to understand and i also had to get used to the word love which is used often here. 2.04 TEAM WORK AND PRESENTATION SKILLS Working in teams is no new thing to me and it is a very important skill for an international manager. My course international business and management entails a lot of team work and we are usually put into groups of students from different countries. In these groups there are different people from different parts of the world, Chinese, Indians, Germans, and Italians with different team roles. According to Belbins team roles (Duggan 2009), people have different roles like coordinators, sharper, implementer, completer, specialist, resource investigators, having one or more of this skill will enhance a role in a team. Out of all these roles my preferred role is by coordinating, for example calling my group members and fixing meetings and also a team builder as well. I happened to have done a lot of group work for my masters degree, where we are put into for five to six members and a mixture of students from different cultures, Chinese, Indians and the outcome has been rewarding especiall y through feed backs of marks awarded by my tutors. This also relates to my presentation skill as the outcome for most of my presentations have been good and i have evaluated this form feed backs gotten form the tutors and also my class mates. Since the beginning of my course i have worked on my presentation skill and also my power point skill. I have used the skills online website provided by my school to enhance this skill. It has helped me focus more on main points in the presentation, being confident and making eye contact with the audience. 2.05 TIME MANAGEMENT SKILL This is a very important skill, when there is no good management of time they tend to be a lot of procrastinations, and this affects time because there is a tendency to delay in doing something that has been previously planned. Initially this was a problem for me and it started affecting most of my daily activities due to procrastination, this was really bad at first because it kept on occurring and then it began to affect my school work. I decided to have a to-do-list mapping out things i had to do on a daily bases and followed this list religiously, because as a student in the UK i have keep to time because it is part of the culture of the people to do so. Time is very crucial and important for a future career in international management because in the future, i have to be on time for business appointments and meetings. Developing this skill has been of good use to me. 2.06 LEADERSHIP SKILLS In evaluating my leadership skill, by looking at my role as a team member which is that of a coordinator and it has to do with organising members for group meetings and also building an effective team. I have had an experience in school where i had to take up a leading role because my group members where a bit relaxed and nonchalant about our presentation so i took up the role of coordinating the group and made sure the work was done properly. Out of the six leadership styles which are coercive, authoritative, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting, and coaching leaders, over time i have observed that i am more of an affiliative/ femininity leader in the sense that i tend not to be too hard on people and create an emotional bond with the people around me. Leadership varies depending on the culture, according to Hofsteds findings, there are four dimensions of different cultures, and they are power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism / collectivism, and masculinity/ femininity . Although in Nigeria where Im from leadership is more collective and masculine and also a high level of power distance. With my little work experience a lot of respect is shown by those who are being led. 2.07 NEGOTIATION SKILLS This is an essential skill for most business dealings today. Negotiation styles vary across different cultures. An example is a negotiation exercise i participated in, where we were divided into groups of US negotiators and Chinese negotiators, i realised that the US negotiators are mostly based on getting the deal done and are eager to get as much information they can to make progress in negotiations, while Chinese negotiators mostly try not to give information and this may cause frustration, for example for a US negotiator. The categories of different cultures of negotiation by Richard D Lewis (Rushton 2009 ) are linear active, multi active and reactive cultures. I am from a multi active culture where most people are extroverts, they talk a lot, but personally i am more of an introvert, i tend to be quiet sometimes. Although havent yet had much experience of negotiating professionally, i do have to negotiate at times for example, going to a local market and negotiating on a price for an item. I still need to improve on this skill because it essential for me if i intend to pursue a career in international Business. 2.08 DECISION MAKING AND CULTURAL EMPATHY Decision making is not an easy process although it is required as an international manager to be able to make good decisions for an organisation or business. It is also essential for good leadership. When its times to take decisions on my own, i usually seek advice from family, friend and people around me. Making good decision a times could be a problem for me. For cultural empathy i always try to listen to people, appreciate their views and use my cultural intelligence skill in this as well. 3.0 MID SEMESTER SMART DEVELOPMENT PLAN REVIEW In relation to a review of the progress made in my mid semester SMART development plan which was set at the beginning of my course, Msc International business and Management for a period of six weeks had positive results. Although due to the fact that i had many skills to improve on, it was a bit difficult to achieve all of them. One of the skills i planned to improve on which didnt quite work out fine was the writing skills. The reason why it wasnt too successful was because the period of time given was too short for me to have covered all i wanted to and i was not able to attend the session on writing skills made available by graduate skills programme because some of the sessions clashed with my classes. Although i made some progress on my power point skill, and this skill is relevant for me to produce good visual aids for presentations during my course. I had a lot of practise done on my own and also i also volunteered to produce visual aid for group presentation which was a good outcome with regards to feed backs from my presentations. Also progress was made on my research skills, and this was done by exploring different sources of text books, articles, journals and this was very helpful during my course. I have also been able to manage my time by making use of my to-do-list which i made on a weekly basis . On the to-do-list i put high priorities first before any other activity and this helped me to a great extent. I was able to make time for my research, course work and also create time for myself. My mid semester development plan had both negative and positive outcomes, although it was very useful for me because it helped me identify skills to be developed and improved on. 4.0 SMART DEVELPOMENT PLAN With this SMART development plan, i will focus on a specific goal to be improved on within the next six months. By so doing i intend to take specific steps on improving on skills that will be of good use for both my course and in my professional life. I would like to improve on my writing skill and on my leadership skills, but for the purpose report i would improve on my writing skill, because writing is a very important skill as a student and as an international manager. To justify my reasons for improving on this skill, below is a SMART development plan for the next six months SPECIFIC I plan to improve on my writhing skill within the next six months, given that its a longer period i should be able to work on this skill and accomplish it by the end of the sixth month. MEASURABLE In six months time i should have improved on my writing skill by: Reading relevant books, articles and journals on writing especially on academic writing. Using information from the skills online website made available for me by the school. I should be able to know the appropriate structure and format for both essay writing and report writing because it is very relevant for my course. Properly apply the right grammar and punctuations in my writing. Going for sessions on how to develop writing skills offered by the graduate skills programme of Sheffield business school. ACHIEVABLE This skill can be achieved by putting a lot of effort and by making use of the resources from the library, the internet to help me with this skill, although there might be some restraints due to other commitments in terms of course work. These are the activities that i should be able to achieve in the next six months: 1st Month First month starting from February i will attend class sessions like English for post graduate students by the university English scheme. This will help focus on general language skills like writing and also preparing for my dissertation. I will attend these classes at least 2 times in a week for a month. 2nd Month Make use of the learning centre find books on writing that will enable me understand writing properly. 3rd Month Make use of the key skills online which has been made available for me by my school; explore every option including a skill check on writing which will help me get clearer view off my writing skills. 4th Month Search for books, articles journals that relate to essay and report writing. Look at examples and identify structures, the use of English. 5th Month Get books that can help me with my use of English, punctuations, grammar, vocabulary and also learn how to proof read my essays and reports. 6th Month practice writing on my own, using all the information and knowledge learnt from previous months, show a friend or colleague that is good in writing to double check what i have written and make corrections. REALISTIC The need to improve on my writing skill is realistic in the sense that it will be useful for the remaining part of my course for my assignments and my dissertation. It will influence my assignments by writing proper essays and reports use proper grammar and punctuations and also it help me in the future if i intend to pursue a career in international management. TIME BOUND The time set for my SMART development plan is six months and within this period i will still be undergoing my masters program, writing will be a good skill to develop on because i will be doing a lot of writing and the time of six months is realistic. 5.0 CONCLUSION The self evaluation was mostly about the skills and competences that are relevant to me as i would like to pursue a future career in international management. Hopefully with more work on these skills it wont be difficult for me to work in a multicultural environment. The SMART development plan is about the skill i intend to improve, it is very important to me as a student and also in my future career in international management. BIBLOGRAGHY BROWAEYS , Marie Joelle and PRICE Roger (2008). Understanding cross cultural Management, Prentice Hall DUGGAN, Chris (2009). Multicultural team work. [Lecture hand outs]. From an MCME lecture held on 17th November at Sheffield Hallam University. EARLY Christopher P and MOSAKOWSKI Elaine (2004). Cultural Intelligence. Harvard Business Review, October 2004. GOMAN Carol Kinsey , Ph.D ( 2007) Communicating Across Cultures[online]. Last accessed 26th January 2010 at: http://www.asme.org/NewsPublicPolicy/Newsletters/METoday/Articles/Communicating_Across_Cultures.cfm MACBEATH John (2006). Self inspection and self evaluation: Working with new relationship, USA and Canada, Routledge RUSHTON, Diane (2009). Leadership skill for 21st century MNCs (lecture hand out) from an MCME lecture held in November at Sheffield Hallam University . RUSHTON Daine (2009). Cross Cultural Negotiation [lecture hand outs]. From an MCME lecture held on 10th November at Sheffield Hallam University SCHNEIDER, Susan C, and BARSOUX, Jean Louis (2003). Managing Across cultures, prentice Hall Skills online website, last accessed 26th January 2010 at: http://keyskills.shu.ac.uk/lskills/TLTP3/entersite.html

Will The Global Economy Help Or Hurt The Next Generation Of Americans?

Will the Global Economy Help or Hurt The Next Generation of Americans? Will the global economy help or hurt the next generation of Americans? This is the question I am going to investigate in this paper. The global economy is the system pertaining to the production, distribution and consumption of goods and services around the globe. It is important that we understand the global economy because it is and will be affecting the way we learn, work and live. How all of these factors are affected will be discussed in the following paper. I take the position that the global economy will hurt the next generation of Americans. One argument for this position is that our schools are not adequately preparing out students for the types of new work that will be required in the next generation. American schools are using teaching techniques that taught existed in the 1950's. Textbooks date back to the early 1970's. Requirements may have changed but our reaching techniques have not. Every year, students take the same courses with the same prerequisite: A good memory. True, they are teaching classes that are essential to get into a good college but are they teaching the skills that our future generation will need? Are students going to be able to problem solve? Are today's students going to be able to access tomorrow's information? Our schools teach American students to be good at memorization. To be able to spit out recorded information. "You do have the knowledge but you are basically robots with skin; machines, tape recorders that teachers use to record their information. At the end of a chapter, they rewind you and press the 'play' button to see if you can repeat everything they said."1 Also, our schools are not stressing the importance of math and science. Because of this fact, foreign born workers such as engineers are taking over the jobs American workers could have. Our students need to be truly smart because memorized skills can only go so far. Grades cannot always determine the real skills of the students. Anybody can receive a diploma but what do these grades really mean? Not much unless a student can apply their memorized skills for the new way of work. "Just possibly we have a surplus of graduates and a scarcity of real skills."2 The improvement of o... ...t as earnings plunge. Mothers are going to have to work longer hours if the family is going to have it's old standard of living."25 This means that people are going to have to work twice as hard for the same quality of living. This also means a constant upgrading of skills necessary for peak job performance. "Important efforts should be better education and a committed and constant upgrading of skills. Our future is a more educated one rather than a cheaper one. Technological revolutions in the past have consistently led to gains in production, commerce, employment and living standards."26 Yet if workers don't improve their skills and constantly upgrade them, shrinking the gap between man and machine, this revolution will be detrimental to the welfare of our workers, their families and most importantly the global economy. Despite all the information on how the global economy will hurt the next generation of Americans, there are also ways in which it will help the next generation. My objection to my original position; that is the global economy will hurt the next generation of Americans is that it will instead help them due to the new ag

The Observation of Adult-Сhild Interaction

During this semester, we were required to make an observation on the adult-child interaction. This review essay will explain briefly about the interaction occurred, feedback from both parties and the significant of theory in child language development. Therefore, on 4th November 2013, I had an observation at an early childhood center, SMART LITTLE BEE in Putrajaya. Smart Little Bee is not just an ordinary childhood center, the founder Miss Nor Julia bt Mohammad Nor tried to implant new exposure in educating the child using the Montessori Theory which had been used in several countries such as Australia, United Kingdom and United States.Montessori education is an educational approach developed by Italian physician and educator Maria Montessori. The Montessori approach is designed to support the natural development of children in a well-prepared environment (Early childhood education today, 2011). The children educate themselves through self-directed learning by sensory materials invit e to promote learning. Children are grouped in multi-age environments and learn by manipulating materials and working with others.In Malaysia, the efforts were spreading in the country where the numbers of childhood center using Montessori approach were increasing especially in urban areas. In Smart Little Bee, the capacity intake of children is limited due to the law restricted for an early childhood center or we called â€Å"Taman Asuhan Kanak-kanak (TASKA)† in Malaysia that built in home-based environment. Even though, the requests from parents are quite high as they can see the differences in orderliness, independent children, self-directed learning in their child. There were total of 13 children at age range 2 – 6 years old registered.There was neither classroom nor syllabus structured by ministry of education. There was one big living room that has been renovate for well-prepared environment for the children to play, do activities and learned by them. Moreover, t here are five basic principles fairly and accurately represent how Montessori educators implement the Montessori Method in their programs and Miss Julia was a well-trained Montessori educator when she was living in Australia for several years. The first one is respect for the child, it is the cornerstone on which all other Montessori principles rest.Miss Julia said, â€Å"Teachers should show respect for children when they guide and scaffold their learning, enable them do things and learned for themselves†. Next, the absorbent mind is one of the ideas that the minds of young children are receptive to and capable of learning. The child learns unconsciously by taking in information from the environment. This ideology is proved by the child learns to speak his native tongue through the environment. Furthermore, Montessori believed there are sensitive period when children are more susceptible to certain behaviors and can learn specific skills more easily.In my opinion, there are intersections in theories that model programs for child language development. As we learned through several of theories, majority of them believed children have their sensitive period which stated in Affective transformation by Greenspan & Shanker(2007), Jean Piaget’s stages of cognitive development and sensory-motor stage and much more. Next, prepared environment, a place in which children can do things for themselves. In Smart Little Bee, the living room that has been renovated and design suitable for children to learn while playing, the facilities are comfortable, well-organized with books, toys and table.The children have their own freedom to explore materials of their own choosing. The materials and activities provided for three basic areas of child involvement which are practical life or motor education, sensory materials for training the senses and academic materials. During my observation, the theme for that week is BALL, Miss Julia explained particularly through a ba ll we can teach the children in physical, emotional and cognitive thinking aspects. There were different themes for each week, as an example is an apple, shoes and many more.The activities done help children to improve their skills related to everyday living such as toilet training and tied the shoes lace. Lastly, concept of auto-education in children those are capable of educating themselves through appropriate materials and activities. It is facilitative language input and behavior where educators avoid using directiveness which contain less facilitative features. Early in the morning when their parents deliver their children, Miss Julia will let the children to play whatever they want to play.After having their breakfast, the activity began at 10 o’clock. During the session, Miss Julia asked them to pick up all the toys by saying â€Å"okay kids, it is time to do activity pick up the toys and make a circle† in a rhythmic way like a song. The kids pick up their toys to where it was belong while singing along with Miss Julia the â€Å"pick-up† song. This routine had implanted in their memory motor to reflect whenever Miss Julia sing the song and how anyone would imagine that picking up the toys could be this fun?After they done, Miss Julia sit on a small chair with the kids in a circle, using low tone voice like whispering Miss Julia asked the children to sing together all the songs they learned and the kids were hopping and ready to sing but Miss Julia stopped and asked them back â€Å"which one of the songs that they want to sing first?† I can hear thousands of requests, however Miss Julia with a calm voice asked them again â€Å"which one of the songs? † and they look to each other and with one voice they choose the spider’s web song. So, Miss Julia was counting down the number from three to one and they started to sing happily with the moves.Miss Julia also singing along with them as one part where Miss Julia will pause to let them finish the lyrics, technique used in this response is called cloze procedures. It is good to provide redundancy, increase the saliency of the input in order to allow more cognitive response for learning (Girolametto, 2006). While they were singing happily the children use immature or incorrect lyrics, Miss Julia will response by reformulating the additional semantics in the lyrics and generally corrects the child’s error which term used is conversational recasting (Camarata & Nelson, 2006).After they sang all the songs, the activity continues with â€Å"ball painting†. The children were so excited, they were asked to hold one rectangle box together with a painted golf ball in it. The task was they need to shake the box for the ball to roll up and leaves the paint on the paper inside. They started to shake the ball carefully first, but when they see the traces left by the paint they began to excite and wonder the colours, design thus they shook vigoro usly the box. This showed how the confident built in and the cognitive thinking was developing inside them. As the time flow, they finished the activity and had their lunch.As a Muslim, their routines in daily life were performing the prayer. When they finished their lunch, they were preparing to do the prayer together under Miss Julia guidance. Following the schedule, once they finished performing the prayer at 2 o’clock they need to sleep. Everyone was exhausted, they need to recharge. Miss Julia did mention â€Å"the children need to have enough sleep not just because for their growth but it is also for their health, physically and mentally† the end for the session. As a last point, I can see how Montessori approach affects the child not only in language but also the maturity and independence of the child.The theory itself guides the caregivers to be in the child’s world instead of trying to bring them into our world. The approach might not be acceptable in c ertain cultures; cultural differences may result in variations the way children being exposed as the first impression. When there are collectivist societies or individualistic society both wanted the best for their children but in different method approaches. In a nutshell, I firmly believed that children were born with the ability and desire to learn and explore the world when we initiate it with the environment around them.Language is a system of arbitrary codes used as a communication medium and that is shared by a community for parents-child interaction or teacher-student interaction. The language and environment input was crucial in developing the child’s language. I hope that caregivers could apply the theories in some of the way to teach their son or daughter became more quality than yesterday. I found that the importance in child development not only the language but also the environment, attitudes and behaviors.

Philosophy Of Law Essay

Motive:   A motive is a state of being relating to ones goals or specific desires. One may possess a conscious or unconscious motive.   For example, one may act out of jealousy but not be aware of the jealousy.   Even if motives are determined to be conscious, they are considered involuntary feelings or desires. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A cigarette manufacturing company plans to increase profit through mediating the society’s aim of producing items that are non-nicotine. Through making â€Å"green cigarettes†, they tend to say that the said cigarettes have less nicotine, but would actually make the buyer feel to buy more because they are not consuming nicotine anyway. As a result, buyers would receive the same amount of nicotine for a higher amount of profit for the company, which is the main motive of the said marketing approach.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Intention:   An individual’s intention is a means to an end.   In other words, an intention is a way of achieving a specific goal or desire. Individuals are conscious of their intentions and may accomplish them by voluntary acts. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A parent aims to protect his or her child through giving him the right chance to know the right principles in life that they ought to apply through maturity. Law is Concerned with Intentions:   The law is concerned with intention, but not with motive.   Determinations about motives are hard to ascertain and very complex.   Therefore, one cannot be held liable for a motive.   They are involuntary behavior patterns.   Requiring judges to determine penalties based upon motives would undercut predictability and uniformity of justice.   Given their voluntary nature, the law punishes based upon intent.   An individual can be held responsible for their intentions. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A domestic helper accidentally killed her boss for the sake of self defense from a sexual assault from the said employer so she was pronounced not guilty by the court.                                                                                                                  Skepticism Regarding Responsibility:   Skepticism attacks the method of apportionment of responsibility for violations of   law.   Will the party be held personally responsible and if so, to what degree? Or will society have to bear some of the responsibility for an individual’s violative action?   Skepticism is argued in many forms.   Skepticism may be premised upon a theory of determinism, practicalism, technologicalism, and morality. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A company aims to increase the quality of their products; however, the cost of the manufacturing has been passed in huge percentage to the consumers. As a result, the buyers has set an issue that has a great impact on the capability of the company to receive larger profit for the business. Deterministic Skepticism:   Deterministic skepticism comes in a variety of degrees.   In its most extreme, deterministic skepticism suggests that if one cannot help doing what they are doing, they should not be responsible for their actions.   Other forms of deterministic skepticism are less drastic due to their belief that only a few persons are actually in a position where they cannot help what it is that they are doing.   In the less extreme form, the inquiry focuses upon evidence regarding one’s ability to control one’s actions. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A kleptomaniac is usually not held responsible for the things that he steals because of the fact that are considered psychologically disturbed. Practical Skepticism: Practical skeptics will not inquire into the question of responsibility because of the time required for such an inquiry has an inefficient impact upon the legal system.   Such inquiry is believed to be an inefficient distribution of scarce judicial resources. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A case against sexual assault has been dismissed by the court because of the lack of supporting evidences that proves that there is a real case to be solved. Technological Skepticism: Technological skepticism refuses to inquire into the question of responsibility, because its belief that the true concern of the legal system is that of control over the public. In sum, effective social control does not include an inquiry regarding responsibility. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A case with regards a particular situation that involves an employee being disabled because of the machineries of the company has been dismissed due to the fact that the company already did its responsibility to the employee at the best of its cost. Moral Skepticism:   Moral skepticism also forbids inquiry into responsibility because the theory holds that it is inconsistent with enlightened morality to insist on individual responsibility for harm. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A man that has been separated from his wife for five years and has never been able to communicate with her now decides to marry another woman. He was permitted by his religious affiliation to do so, on the basis of the other partner being guilty of adultery and the process of divorce not being legal in the country. For this reason the court honors the marriage as well. Strict Liability: Strict liability is another theory in the consideration of allocation of responsibility. Strict liability requires assessment of liability upon grounds of physical acts without regard to actual responsibility.   The theory does not require a finding of intent to commit crime and therefore does not require resources for determination of intent.   Proponents argue allowance of strict liability to replace individual responsibility in its entirety.   Strict liability agrees with the utilitarian perspective and represents a denial of individual liberties in favor of deterrence for public protection. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An accidental occurrence that caused the injury of an employee from a work area has been considered a null-case since the evidences show that the situation has occurred because of a mere accident and nobody could be blamed for it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FOUNDATIONS AND THEORIES OF LAW Eternal and Divine Law:   Eternal law recognizes the role of a divine figure in the establishment of law.   The numerous theories of eternal law suggest that law is created by the word of God, transmitted by prophet and sent to govern man.   Recognition of eternal law is still found in Hebrew, Islamic and Babylonian law. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The decision of the church to marry a man to five wives as an Islam is never touched by the law because it is a law based from the beliefs of the people. Disadvantages of Eternal Law:   Eternal law requires faith in a divine being, of which there is no universally accepted figure. Eternal law also requires translation through a prophet who is not held liable for the rules since she interprets the word of God. Example: Natural Law: A system of rules and principles guiding human behavior based upon conduct common throughout all people.   The laws and principles grow out of humanity’s rational thoughts and conform to natural mental, moral, and physical states.   Cardinal premise states that humanity acts upon rational thoughts framed by our true nature to satisfy needs and impulses without interference from deception, dishonesty, or indulgence. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A woman was offered a high amount of money in exchange of disowning her company’s established principles in handling the people force so as to sabotage the operation of the business at the advantage of its competitor in the market. Her conscience did not permit her top do so, knowing that no matter how much money is to be paid to her, she is sure to regret what she is going to do. Early Theories of Natural Law: Various early theories of natural law believed the concept was based upon virtue, nature, reason, and God. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The society naturally accepts the things that has already been set by the natural systems of the earth and the ways by which they relate to human lives, such as occurrences and dilemmas happening due to the climate change. Historical Natural Law Based Upon Virtue:   Natural law based upon virtue can be governed by theories of good conduct or justice and reason.   Typically, law dictates virtuous duties of a person in all facets of their life. The duties generally demand fulfillment of particular social obligations and the rules may be considered divine in origin or from the ruler.   Alternatively, the theory of virtue based upon justice and reason, demands decisions based upon an individual’s sense of justice and reason.   If a decision is prompted by anything other than justice or reason, the person has failed to live by the law of nature. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People are expected to act towards the situation facing them through reasonable idealism of truth and principles. If a man is faced with adversity of poverty, he is expected to work on making possible amends to support his life through working and not stealing. Historical Natural Law Based Upon Natural Justice: Natural law based upon a theory of natural justice was developed by Aristotle and holds that laws are of two types; universal and specific.   Universal law is the law of nature and binding upon all people.   Universal law does not change.   In contrast, specific law is developed by the local community. It is developed by people and limited in its authority.   Specific law is apt to change frequently. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Once a person errs, the society despises sharing time with him or her until they know that he or she has already regretted the sin sincerely. Historical Natural Law Based Upon Reason:   Natural law based upon reason was developed by Cicero of Rome and establishes that law is premised upon reason in agreement with nature.   Like Aristotle’s universal law, Cicero believes that natural law based upon reason is universal in its application and does not change.   To alter this type of law would be considered a sin, and it cannot be repealed.   It is a law which is eternal and unchanging and valid to all people at all times.   This law was believed to be written by God. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People pay in exchange of goods because it has been established through the olden times of the biblical and human history that something is given in exchange of something taken. Historical Natural Law Based Upon Divine Intervention: Natural law premised upon divinity was forwarded by St. Thomas Aquinas during the 13th century.   Saint Thomas classified law into 4 levels.   The first level is divine law, not all of which is known to man.   The second level is divine law known to man, called eternal law.   From eternal law comes natural law, and from natural law comes human law. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People are usually guarded in their decisions through the divine understanding that they have with regards the principles of God. These decisions are considered by the court as the basis of accepting the existence of divine intervention. General Premise of Natural Law Based Upon Divine Intervention:   Saint Thomas’ general premise of natural law is founded upon a notion of goodness.   Saint Thomas’ theory holds that evil acts must be avoided and good acts accomplished. Generally, natural law applies to all people and prescribes that an individual act virtuously. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People are expected to act upon situations based upon their understanding of the different principles of life that are considered as social norms, their decisions as per mentioned are naturally expected to be based on such moral beliefs. Criticisms of the Historical Theories of Natural Law:   Some of the criticisms of early natural law theory include; 1) failure to distinguish between natural laws and normative laws, 2) man is removed from responsibility in moral decision making, 3) man’s contribution to own civility is ignored and, 4) distrust is unnecessarily placed in manmade structures. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The judgment of humans with regards natural occurrences had been mistakenly related to the acts of abrupt human decisions. Historical Natural Law Lacks Distinction Between Natural and Normative Law: One of natural law’s many criticisms is premised upon a lack of distinction between natural and normative law.   Natural law exists at certain levels in man and in nature whereas normative law, crafted by man, does not exist in the world of nature.   Natural law, much like nature, exists upon its own terms with no sense of morality.   Natural law is fashioned from a factual and a regular existence whereas normative law is comprised of human morality. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Same-sex marriage had not been accepted by the law before, however, just lately, it has been widely accepted by both the church and the law because of the changing levels of social and moral law in the human community. Historical Natural Law did not Assign Responsibility for Moral Decisions: Natural law forwards the proposition that nature makes the selection between two possible and competing moral values.   Realistically, the decision between competing values is made by man and not by nature.   Therefore man must assume responsibility for selecting between two values and he should not ascribe the choice to nature. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Love has been noted by almost everyone as a basis of all existing law. However, if it has been the basis of committed crime, love is then set aside to judge the situation as to how it has affected the lives of others involved in the matter. Historical Natural Law Ignores Man’s Contribution to Own Civility: Natural law does not consider man’s ethical and moral development, apart from that development which occurs through application of natural law.   This premise ignores the importance of man’s contribution to his own development.   Those opposing natural law believe man has more than a passive role in his ethical and moral development and should be given credit for such contributions. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although humans have already created possible ways to develop their own lives,   natural law suggests that the developments are still based from the natural ways of the environment and not on the pure intellect of humans. Historical Natural Law Promotes Distrust in Man Made Structures:   Natural law promotes distrust in man made structure.   Natural law considers everything created by man to be erratic and inconsistent with prior structures.   Opponents of natural law will argue that the existence of normative standards created by man govern his sense of judgement in a consistent fashion.   Illustration of normative standards includes world religions. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Natural systems are considered perfect and sustaining. It is this reasoning that would actually break down the causes behind the social distrust upon the manmade structures that are not likely following the systems of nature in sustenance and structural existence. Justification for Punishment Based Upon Retribution:   Retribution is often cited as a justification for imposition of punishment for illegal action. Retribution is most commonly associated with a theory of fairness.   One should be punished as a result of one’s blameworthiness in committing an illegal act.   The beneficiaries of the punishment will be the society at large. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   An alleged terrorist upon investigation is judged as guilty and is kept in custody of the authority so as to protect the values of the greater number of human population. Justification for Punishment Based Upon Deterrence:   Punishment has been justified upon the basis of deterrence.   The theory holds that punishment deters illegal activity in two fashions.   First, an individual may be deterred from committing a crime after considering punishment of a prior criminal. Second, the repeat offender may be deterred from committing crime as a result of prior punishment.   The beneficiaries of the punishment will be the society at large. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A prisoner not showing change is usually asked to rehabilitate so as to help him in not repeating his act and the other by being victimized by the said act. Justification for Punishment Based Upon Reformation:   Punishment has been based upon a theory of reformation of the individual’s character, thereby allowing subsequent participation in society.   The beneficiaries of punishment under a theory of reformation will be society at large and the individual criminal. Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Reforming criminal offenders especially the juvenile population is a regular practice that is applied by the government. This aims to help reaffirm the situation of the offender in a better status in the society, thus becoming a better person t the same time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   DEFINITIONS Jurisprudence: Jurisprudence is comprised of two definitions relevant to the study of law.   First, in the legal tradition of the United States and England, jurisprudence pertains to legal philosophy.   Secondly, other European countries refer to jurisprudence as the collection of decisions of a particular court.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opinionated Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A person looses the real understanding of the jurisprudence of law when he becomes less able to understand the law due to anger and anxiety that increases the chances of moving violently against other people in the society. Likely, jurisprudence is returned to one when he is able to receive the rightful judgment he deserves from the authorities of law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A jury decides to dismiss a case because of being highly moved for the reasons of the accused of why he did the crime. It turned out that he had no choice but to do it for the sake of protecting the one’s he loved. The court was less powerful in this case as the majority of the jury as well as the people in the court the public all attested to one plausible fact that the convict did it for a deep and logical reason.               Justice: The definition of justice depends upon which definition of jurisprudence is under consideration.   By the American and English definition, justice means, â€Å"the constant and perpetual disposition of legal matters or disputes rendering every man his due[1].†Ã‚   But a broader definition of justice includes, â€Å"a moral or absolute rightness and upholding what is fair and just[2].†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opinionated Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Justice is applied as a normalizing factor among the differences of the people on the world. It sets the differences of the people in an equalizing their ideas and opinions with regard law and such things. Hence, justice is a regular matter that needs to be applied in the society continuously. A person then is supposed to be continuously considering justice towards himself and towards others as part of his moral responsibility to the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example: Wal-Mart employees claim that they are being unfairly treated by their organization. As they continue to serve the company, they are also constantly apprehended by their union to continue fighting for the justice that they deserve as the force increasing the profit of the company every year. Natural State of Man:   A state or condition whereby man reacts according to his natural impulses and not as a result of such stimulus as fraud, deceit, or misrepresentations.  Ã‚   The natural state of man is developed in the theory of Natural Law.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Opinionated Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Conscience is a natural way by which humans understand the natural law of life, the impulses of humans with regards right and wrong is a strong implication of the reality of the existence of natural law. This is the section of the law that actually designs the basis of the right and wrong within the modern human law today.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A man was faced with great adversity of being homeless. He along with his family needed somewhere else to stay other than the streets so the man decided to search any possible area that he and his family could live for while. Out of need, the man saw a deserted house that nearly looked destroyed, still he managed to bring his family there and live there. After a few years, he was able to improve the house. Later on the owner of the house shows up and claims that the house has been stolen from him. The man attests that it was already deserted when he saw it and looked as if nobody already owned it. The man agrees to pay the price of the lot for possession, but the owner refuses to take the offer, instead he wants them to get out of the area. The man refuses the same way and a court hearing was set to solve the issue. Logic: The science of reasoning, or the operations of understanding which are subservient to the estimation of the evidence.   The term includes both the process of proceeding from known truths to unknown, and all other intellectual operations[3]. Opinionated Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Logic is used by everyone wanting to understand the regularities of life. Every individual utilizing it actually makes a meaningful understanding of the things happening to him and to the environment that he is living in. with logic’s existence, people are given the chance to reason out as to why they have done things in their past and how those experiences affect their present lives today.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Not everything has been explained to a defendant when he was talked to by his lawyer because the session hearing has already begun. However, through looking at the faces of the people in the court, logic tells him that there is something that will happen ones the new witness is set for questioning. Prerogative: An exclusive or peculiar right or privilege. A special power, privilege, immunity, or right vested in an official person, either generally, or in respect to the things of his office, or in an official body, as a court or legislature.[4] Opinionated definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Each person believes to have his own prerogative in life. Using it as a basis of his decisions actually makes his life more meaningful and successful as he uses the power he has to support the wants and the needs he is expected to support in his life today.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The NEDA Secretary of the Philippines, Romulo Neri refuses to speak on the depth of the case on the XTE-NBN deal as he is protected by the executive privilege law stating that he can conceal things as long as he believes he has already said what he needed to say at the senate. Property Law: Property law defines the borders of our legally rightful possessions, the nature and scope of those things we can take rightful title to. It is also used to describe the exclusive right of possessing, enjoying, and disposing of a thing[5].   It is the highest right a man can have in an object. Opinionated Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every person is given the rightful authority over his belongings. This is the primary basis of the property law which draws the line of the limitations and extent of one’s properties. Such law serves as a guideline to one’s understanding of the things that rightfully belong to him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     A number of people ought to say that the place where their scanty homes are standing is their own as community as it is already a public property, therefore they refuse to evacuate when a public project has been passed on to be built in their area. They point out that they have already worked hard for the development of the said area and they deserve to be paid for what they have done. On the other hand, the businessmen attest that they already own the area as they already bought it, meaning that they could already do anything that they would want onto it. Ratio Decidendi: The ground or reason for reaching a decision.   The point in a case which determines the judgment[6]. Opinionated Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rational understanding of situations is likely much related to ones logical reasoning over a certain thought that explains a situation as it happens. Being rational about things makes one more capable of seeing the two sides of the coin or the positive and negative aspects of an occurrence. Being rational too helps a person to become more understanding of things as they come barging in to one’s lifetime using such occurrences as great opportunities for change and development.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wal-Mart finally decided to face their issues with their employees. They tried to come up with the useful process of meeting the needs of their employees as they also meet the standards of the business. Likely though, after a year, the union decided to continue the cases against Wal-Mart as they believe that their values were not served well even after the agreement. Rhetoric:   The art of effective expression and the persuasive use of language.[7] Opinionated Definition:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One’s capability of using language as a major source of expression of thoughts is a gift. However, a more persuasive pattern used by politicians and other certain personalities in the society today in an aim of influencing others is actually a more complex manner of using words for the sake of attracting people to take notice of the thoughts of the said individuals for consideration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Example:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The politicians today use rhetorical speeches to be able to help the people understand their propagandas set for the betterment of the society as per proposed by the said individuals during campaign.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [1]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [2]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American Heritage Dictionary, 2nd edition, 1983.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [3]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [4]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [5]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [6]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Black’s Law Dictionary, 6th Edition, 1990.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  [7]  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American Heritage Dictionary, 2nd edition, 1983.

A Beginners Guide to Delphi Database Programming

A Beginners Guide to Delphi Database Programming About the Course: using TADOConnection Email Course Prerequisites: Delphi Programming A Beginners Guide to Delphi Programming Chapters Start with Chapter 1 : Then continue learning, this course already has more than 30 chapters ... CHAPTER 1:Fundamentals of Database Development (with Delphi)Delphi as the database programming tool, Data Access with Delphi...just a few words, Building a new MS Access database.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 2:Connecting to a database. BDE? ADO?Connecting to a database. What is the BDE? What is ADO? How to connect to an Access database - the UDL file? Looking forward: the smallest ADO example.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 3:Pictures inside a databaseDisplaying images (BMP, JPEG, ...) inside an Access database with ADO and Delphi.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 4:Data browsing and navigation Building a data browsing form - linking data components. Navigating through a recordset with a DBNavigator.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 5:Behind data in datasetsWhat is the state of data? Iterating through a recordset, bookmarking and reading the data from a database table.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 6:Data modificationsLearn how to add, insert and delete records from a database table.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 7:Queries with ADOTake a look at how you can take advantage of the TADOQuery component to boost your ADO-Delphi productivity. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 8:Data filteringUsing Filters to narrow the scope of data that is presented to the user.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 9:Searching for dataWalking through various methods of data seeking and locating while developing ADO based Delphi database applications.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 10:ADO CursorsHow ADO uses cursors as a storage and access mechanism, and what you should do to choose the best cursor for your Delphi ADO application.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 11:From Paradox to Access with ADO and DelphiFocusing on the TADOCommand components and using the SQL DDL language to help porting your BDE/Paradox data to ADO/Access.related to this chapter! CHAPTER 12:Master detail relationships How to use master-detail database relationships, with ADO and Delphi, to deal effectively with the problem of joining two database tables to present information. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 13:New...Access Database from Delphi How to create an MS Access database without the MS Access. How to create a table, add an index to an existing table, how to join two tables and set up referential integrity. No MS Access, only Pure Delphi code. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 14:Charting with Databases Introducing the TDBChart component by integrating some basic charts into a Delphi ADO based application to quickly make graphs directly for the data in recordsets without requiring any code. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 15:Lookup! See how to use lookup fields in Delphi to achieve faster, better and safer data editing. Also, find how to create a new field for a dataset and discuss some of the key lookup properties. Plus, take a look at how to place a combo box inside a DBGrid. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 16:Compacting an Access database with ADO and Delphi While working in a database application you change data in a database, the database becomes fragmented and uses more disk space than is necessary. Periodically, you can compact your database to defragment the database file. This article shows how to use JRO from Delphi in order to compact an Access database from code. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 17:Database reports with Delphi and ADO How to use QuickReport set of components to create database reports with Delphi. See how to produce database output with text, images, charts and memos - quickly and easily. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 18:Data Modules How to use the TDataModule class - central location for collecting and encapsulating DataSet and DataSource objects, their properties, events and code. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 19:Handling database errors Introducing error handling techniques in Delphi ADO database application development. Find out about global exception handling and dataset specific error events. See how to write an error logging procedure. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 20:From ADO Query to HTML How to export your data to HTML using Delphi and ADO. This is the first step in publishing your database on the Internet - see how to create a static HTML page from an ADO query. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 21:Using ADO in Delphi 3 and 4 (before AdoExpress / dbGO) How to import Active Data Objects (ADO) type-libraries in Delphi 3 and 4 to create a wrapper around components that encapsulate the functionality of ADO objects, properties and methods. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 22:Transactions in Delphi ADO database development How many times have you wanted to insert, delete or update a lot of records collectively wanting that either all of them get executed or if there is an error then none is executed at all? This article will show you how to post or undo a series of changes made to the source data in a single call. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 23:Deploying Delphi ADO database applications It is time to make your Delphi ADO database application available for others to run. Once you have created a Delphi ADO based solution, the final step is to successfully deploy it to the users computer. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 24:Delphi ADO/DB programming: Real Problems - Real Solutions In real world situations, really doing database programming is much more complex than writing about. This chapter points to some great Delphi Programming Forum threads initiated by this Course - discussions that solve problems on the field. CHAPTER 25:TOP ADO programming TIPS Collection of frequently asked questions, answers, tips and tricks about ADO programming. related to this chapter! CHAPTER 26:Quiz: Delphi ADO Programming What would it look like: Who Wants to be a Delphi ADO Database Programming Guru - the trivia game. related to this chapter! Appendices What follows is a list of articles (quick tips) explaining how to use various Delphi DB related components more efficiently at design and run time. APPENDIX 0DB Aware Grid ComponentsThe list of the best Data Aware Grid components available for Delphi. The TDBGrid component enhanced to maximum. APPENDIX ADBGrid to the MAXContrary to most other Delphi data-aware controls, the DBGrid component has many nice features and is more powerful than you would have thought. The standard DBGrid does its job of displaying and manipulating records from a dataset in a tabular grid. However, there are many ways (and reasons) why you should consider customizing the output of a DBGrid: Adjusting DBGrid column widths automatically, DBGrid with MultiSelect Coloring DBGrid, Selecting and highlighting a row in a DBGrid - OnMouseOverRow, Sorting records in DBGrid by Clicking on Column Title, Adding components to a DBGrid - theory, CheckBox inside a DBGrid, DateTimePicker (calendar) inside a DBGrid, Drop down pick list inside a DBGrid - part 1, Drop down list (DBLookupComboBox) inside a DBGrid - part 2, Accessing protected members of a DBGrid, Exposing the OnClick event for a DBGrid, What is being typed into the DBGrid?, How to Display Only Selected Fields in a DbGrid, How to get DBGrid Cell coordinates, How to create a simple database display form, Get the line number of a selected row in a DBGrid, Prevent CTRLDELETE in DBGrid, How to correctly use the mouse wheel in DBGrid, Making the Enter key work like a Tab key in a DBGrid ... APPENDIX BCustomizing the DBNavigatorEnhancing the TDBNavigator component with modified graphics (glyphs), custom button captions, and more. Exposing the OnMouseUp/Down event for every button.related to this quick tip! APPENDIX CAccessing and managing MS Excel sheets with DelphiHow to retrieve, display and edit Microsoft Excel spreadsheets with ADO (dbGO) and Delphi. This step-by-step article describes how to connect to Excel, retrieve sheet data, and enable editing of data (using the DBGrid). Youll also find a list of most common errors (and how to deal with them) that might pop up in the process. related to this quick tip! APPENDIX DEnumerating available SQL Servers. Retrieving databases on a SQL ServerHeres how to create your own connection dialog for a SQL Server database. Full Delphi source code for getting the list of available MS SQL Servers (on a network) and listing database names on a Server. related to this quick tip!

Monopolistic Competition Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Monopolistic Competition - Research Paper Example This similarity is obtained due to product differentiation portrayed either physically, by perception, or by support services. Most importantly, customers view these goods as similar since they serve the same purpose. Monopolistic competition advocates free entry into market and free exit. This enables new firms to come up with close substitutes thus enhancing competition. In a free market, a firm faces no restrictions from the government rules, financial start-up, or other considerable barriers. Additionally, free entry and exit in the market maintains profit maximization of a firm for a longer span of time. Selling price is a unique characteristic in monopolistic competition (Baumol, 2011). A firm is ever independent in decision-making. Each firm decides on commodity price and output. The seller sets the price of a good depending on circumstances. These variations of price arise due to product differentiation and other additional expenditures. Nike and Asics portray an example of two firms in the sneaker industry, which exhibits monopolistic competition. In order to ensure maximum competition, in the large monopolistic market, Nike and Asics need to emphasize on product differentiation to attract customers. The factors that need consideration during differentiation include style, appearance, quality, performance, close substitute of the goods (Arora, 2007). Since both firms produce similar product, there is need for a difference in the products that will attract the buyers. Different buyers have different perceptions on the kind of shoe to wear or the kind of shoe they feel comfortable with while wearing. The style of shoe tells a lot about an individual. Therefore, it is important for the two firms to first strategize and research on the style of shoe that most people prefer. This will enable the firm produce the shoe and ultimately sell it without much competition. Moreover, it is

Two forces in human nature reign; Passion, to Rule; and Reason, to Essay

Two forces in human nature reign; Passion, to Rule; and Reason, to Restrain - Essay Example As it turns out, The Misfit, with the help of his two offsiders, ends up shooting the whole family. This seems an unreasonable thing to do, to put it mildly. It's hard to say whether The Misfit is ruled by passion, but he's certainly not restrained by reason. At first, he seems nothing more than a cold-blooded killer, but when he talks about himself to the grandmother, he shows himself to be emotionally confused. He doesn't understand why he was sent to the penitentiary in the first place, and he even compares himself to Jesus, who also didn't know why he was punished. He seems to think that if you can't be sure whether Jesus did the great things he claimed, like raising the dead, or you just don't believe it, then there's no pleasure but meanness, and you may as well kill people, burn their houses down or whatever. Why he should think this is hard to say, but it just seems no more than an excuse for him to lash out at a world that, he believes, has treated him so cruelly. The passio n that rules him is a cold, hard passion for revenge. In 'The Secret Sharer', the newly-appointed captain of a ship, who is clearly a thoughtful and reasonable person, encounters a man who has escaped from another ship after having killed someone in a fit of anger. Perhaps surprisingly, the captain takes pity on the stranger and hides him in his cabin.